The Clouds by Aristophanes Essay examples -- Classical Greek Literatur

"The Clouds" by Aristophanes - Relevant in Today's World "The Clouds" by Aristophanes, is a play centrally concerned with education. Aristophanes employs satire to illustrate his conservative beliefs. It is intended to show readers that in the tendency to philosophical subtleties lies the neglection of the real needs of the Athenians. According to Aristophanes, philosophical speculation only acts to shake the established foundations of accepted religion, gods, and ideals of morality. Specifically, as it was even discused in "The Apology," Aristophanes believed that philosophical attitudes held by the Sophists enabled those who held them to convince others of wrong or weaker beliefs simply by sounding as if they knew what they were talking about -- when in reality they didn't. It seems as if Aristophanes would approve of an education based souly around the reading of clasiscal literature and some physical excersize. I believe the fact that Athenian youth were starting to ask questions of the elders in the city really bothered Aristophanes. I think he really thought it to be dangerous and detrimental to society; as can be seen through the line Strepsiades yells towards the end, "revenge for the injured gods (II.i.1506)." I believe Aristophanes to be part of the group that accused Socrates of not accepting the recognized gods of state, which many believed to be a part of the corruption of Athenian youth. While I don't agree with that accusation -- primarily because of Socrates recognition of Apollo through the Oracle at Delphi -- I can see some Aristophanes' points of contention with what he thought the Sophists and other philsophers stood for.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Clouds, who form the chorus in Aristophanes' play, are a physical representation of the "philosophical speculation" that Aristophanes speaks of. According to Aristophanes, these speculations do not come from a grounded sense of experience, but rather float about without definite framework and actualization, simply in the realm of possibility. I found it interesting that Aristophanes chose to illustrate this metaphor between the clouds and the Sophists' beliefs into a literal representation. He furthered this illustration by choosing to bring Socrates on his first appearance floating in on a basket down to the stage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another aspect I find interesting in Aristoph... ...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Essentially, I think that "The Clouds," can be a piece of classical Greek literature applicable to our own modern world. If we do not take the time to examine practices and beliefs, they have the potential to lose the weight and value that they were once based or formed on. While Aristophanes aimed at entertaining his audience through comedic satire, he also had a very serious warning -- that ended up holding true -- for the people of Athens. A nation too proud and too sure in it's own beliefs and politics, has proven through history, never to work. Sadly, while I believe the United States is a great nation with moral goals and hopes, I believe we exemplify some of the problems that the Athenian state suffered from, and eventually died from. We often times refuse to examine our beliefs. We automatically view them as "the best," or "the most moral." This can be seen in our current struggle. If we constantly leave our borders to try and convince others around the world that American knows best, we're doomed for failure. As exemplified in "The Clouds," we then become the ones throwing stones at people we don't agree with -- a fate almost worse than death.

Literary Analysis of “A Doll’s House” by Henrik Ibsen

In the play â€Å"A Doll’s House† Henrik Ibsen introduces us to Nora Helmer and shows us how spontanesly her design of the ideal life can change when a secret of her is revealed. Nora’s husbands promotion to Manager of the town Bank, leaves her convince she will be living a wonderful life; stress and worry free. However, Nora’s idea of a wonderful life is completely changed when her long-kept secret is revealed. It is Christmas time when the play begins and with a larger income starting after the New Year, Nora is excited for a arrival of a new life. Yet, this ideal life for her begins to change when an old friend by the name of Mrs. Linde pays a visit to the Helmer household. Mrs. Linde, looking for a job has come to Nora looking for help through her husband; this excitement has Nora believing â€Å"He must Christine. Just leave it to me; I will broach the subject very cleverly- I will think of something that will please him very much. It will make me so happy to be of some use to be you† (677). Although, Torvald is happy to offer Mrs. Linde a job, Nora is unaware is has taken one step closer to her secret being reveal. As the story unfolds Nora begins to realize her husband’s ability to give Mrs. Linde’s new job, means Mr. Krogstand the man holding her secret is left unemployed; causing Nora to realize the cons of helping Mrs. Linde. â€Å"By matters of business- such as business as you and I have had together-do you think I don’t understand that? Very Well. Do as you please. But let me tell you this- If I lose my position a second time, you shall lose yours with me† (688). Mr . Krogstand uses the powers he has over Nora, to try and keep his job. He explains to her, that if he loses his place at the bank to Mrs. Lindke, he will be sure to tell Nora’s secret to her family. Realizing what this would do to the wonderful life to come after the New Year, she begs Torvald to find a place for Mr. Krogstand. However, Torvald opts not to find a position for him and with Mr. Krogstand keeping to his word he writes a letter to Torvald revealing Nora’s secret; creating the scene when everything in Nora’s life changes. As Torvald receives the letter, he acts out with rage â€Å"It is so incredible that I can’t take it in. But we must come to some understanding. Take off that shawl. Take it off, I tell you. I must try and appease him some way or another. The matter must be hushed at any cost. And as for you and me, it must appear as if everything between us were just as before- but naturally only in my eyes of the world. You will still remain in my and that is a matter of course. But I shall not allow you to bring up the children; I dare not trust them to you. To think that I should be obliged to say so to one whom I have loved so dearly, and whom I still-. No, that is all over. From this moment happiness is not the question; all that concerns us is to save the remains, the fragments, and the appearance-â€Å"(715 ). In was in this spite of rage that’s Nora’s dream of the soon to be wonderful life, is changed. Although it was shortly after this outrage from Helmer that he receives another letter saying Nora’s secret is safe; it was too late for Nora. The outrage has caused Nora to realize things about her life and explains to Helmer â€Å"I mean that I was simply transferred from papa’s hands into yours. You arranged everything according to your own taste, and so I got into the same tastes as you- or else I pretended to, I am really not quite sure which- I think sometimes the one and sometimes the other. When I look back on it, it seems to me as if I have existed merely to perform ticks for you, Torvald. But you would have it so. You and papa have committed a great sin against. It is your fault I have made nothing of my life† ( 717). This situation has created the chance for Nora realize she has been living in someone else shadows. She is not sure who she is or even her likes and dislikes and with that she ends the life she has been living. â€Å"Indeed, you were perfectly right. I am not fit for the task. There is another task I must undertake take first. I must try and educate myself- you are not the man to help me in that. I must do that for myself. And that is why I am going to leave you now† (719). She is not sure who she is or even her likes and dislikes and with that she ends the life she has been living. When the play â€Å"A Doll’s House† began we were introduced to Nora as a character who was excited for her new life after the New Year. Yet, a unexpected visit from a old friend caused Nora to make a decision that ended up resulting her secret begin revealed to her family. As this secret was reveal, it caused Nora to realize the perfect life she thought she wanted after the New Year was not the life she wanted. Showing us that sometimes things don’t always go as planned.

Essay The Biology of Prayer and Healing - 1031 Words

The Biology of Prayer and Healing â€Å"When we set ourselves to the work of collecting or re-collecting the scattered pieces of ourselves, we begin a task which, if carried to its natural conclusions, ultimately becomes prayer.† Skepticism Science and Faith: Freud, one of the most well respected researchers of the human experience, claims that religion is a â€Å"universal neurosis that civilization substitutes for a more authentic personal reality based on scientific knowledge† (Jones and Butman, 1991, 77). Thus, to presume that illness and healing have anything to do with spirituality is absurd. Testability: Prayer and faith have no universal method of testing. Nor can it be proven that prayer is effective, for who can†¦show more content†¦For all intents and purposes, prayer in this discussion simply means a non-local language that says something about who we are and where our destiny may be (Dossey, 1993, 6). Prayer Treatment: the practice of people praying for someone else. This does not imply medical or surgical treatments may not also be prescribed. Research †¢ The first accepted study correlating prayer to physical health was Collipp (1969), who followed eighteen terminally ill children. Ten were selected to be prayed for by Protestant Christians, while the other eight had no known prayer for their healing. The people praying only knew the names, genders, and basic conditions of those for whom they were praying. Neither the children, nor their families, nor the doctors were informed of the prayer treatment. After fifteen months, seven of the ten children receiving prayer treatment were alive, while only two of the eight not receiving treatment survived. †¢ Byrd (1988) retested Collipp’s findings with a larger sample. 393 patients in the coronary care unit were assigned to two groups, one to receive daily prayer treatment from born-again Christian intercessors along with normal treatment and one to receive the normal treatment alone. After ten months, twenty-one of twenty-six medical measures of health were better in the patients who received prayer treatments (Byrd 1988) including only threeShow MoreRelatedNavajo Indians and Health1310 Words   |  6 PagesNavajo culture is known to be very primitive and reserved. This could cause some complications in the health care field. Their basic lifestyle may lead to several health complications, belief in prayer and evil spirits is prominent, they believe that the role of a physician is to be a partner in their healing, there are several nursing practices that need to be considered when caring for a Navajo patient, and as a nurse it is important to treat these people with res pect even if their ways may seemsRead MoreEthnicity Is A Common National Or Traditional Tradition921 Words   |  4 Pagesnational or traditional tradition. Membership to an ethnicity is ultimately self defined, rather than given to us by society. It is common to confuse race and ethnicity. Ethnicity is about tradition, learned behaviors, and customs. Race is based on biology. Our skin color, skin tone, hair, and eye color determines race. Although we are considered to be a part of a particular race, we can pick and choose what ethnicity we would like to embrace through assimilation. Recently I have been working with aRead MoreHealth Psychology And The Effects Of Self Esteem On Illness895 Words   |  4 Pagesroots. Its combinations include â€Å"biology, medicine, physiology, philosophy, and social science. Health psychology interfaces with the fields of epidemiology and public health and contributes to improvements in health by increasing knowledge about how health can best be achieved† (Jones Bartlett, n.d). Some cultures view health and healing differently to the point where they believe in different remedies to help their people. 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Before the twenty-first century, the remedies to his deformity would have been limited none. Skin grafts from healthy part of his bodies or cadaver skin could have been used to help heal some of the injuries sustainedRead MoreWhy The Data Manager Position At The Baptist Cancer Center1527 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresent the Mission (â€Å"commitment to providing quality healthcare through the three-fold ministry of Christ†), Vision (â€Å"transforming the delivery of health care through partnering with patients, families, physicians, care providers, employers and prayers†) and Values (â€Å"compassionate care and service, teamwork and trust, innovation and excellence and respect for the individual and the value of diversity†) of Baptist Memorial Healthcare Corporation. As a Christian, my values are in line with the valuesRead MoreBiopsychosocial and Biomedical Model of Health1636 Words   |  7 Pagesanother. In the Neolithic times (c.a 8000- 9000 b.c ), illness and injury being common phenomena’s, were directly associated to natural events manipulated by higher powers which also controlled climate changes and other natural events. Overtime, healing ceremonies, songs, sacred objects, and incantations were developed as means of pacifying the evil forces which were believed to cause diseases, and illnesses. Then, during the period of intellectual development, ways of western medicine was firstRead MoreBiopsychosocial and Biomedical Model of Health1648 Words   |  7 Pagesanother. In the Neolithic times (c.a 8000- 9000 b.c ), illness and injury being common phenomena’s, were directly associated to natural events manipulated by higher powers which also controlled climate changes and other natural events. Overtime, healing ceremonies, songs, sacred objects, and incantations were developed as means of pacifying the evil forces which were believed to cause diseases, and illnesses. Then, during the period of intellectual developmen t, ways of western medicine was firstRead MoreI Am Doing A Research Paper On The Controversy Surrounding Vaccines1440 Words   |  6 Pagessometimes be dangerous side effects to some vaccines (Source 2). Another issue regarding vaccines I was interested in pursing was the fact that some religions can be opposed to vaccinations. This is true for many faith healing groups, they believe that all illnesses can be healed through prayer and are strongly opposed to all vaccines because of this. There are also religious groups who are opposed to vaccines because they believe that the body should be kept sacred and should not receive any chemicalsRead MoreTraditional Medicine Practices And Traditions1755 Words   |  8 Pagesbased purely in science and illness usually are caused by germs, poor diet, or even DNA. On the other hand, traditional medicine usually involves cleanings, prayer, or herbal treatments for illnesses that may be caused by bad spirits, punishments from god, curses, o r guilt for doing something wrong. There are also many types of approaches to healing people in the traditional cultures, which can be broken into two categories, Natural Traditions and Magico-Religious Traditions. Natural traditions view

Baroque Style Free Essay Example, 750 words

Baroque affiliation Even the greatest artists rarely can be called the founders of a new style in art, but Peter Paul Rubens is an exception. Thanks to him we are now familiar with such style as Baroque. This style is characterized by dynamic compositions, catchy flamboyance and unusual stories that become the basis for the paintings. Rubens was famous for mythological and religious subjects of his paintings. One of such paintings is The Union of Earth and Water. There are two interpretations for this painting. The obvious one that comes to mind is the depiction of two mythological characters – Cybele that holds the horn of plenty, and Neptune, who is recognizable for the trident in his hand. Their union, which is prosperous for the mankind, is blessed by Victory, who puts the golden crown on Cybele’s head. There is another interpretation of the painting – the allegorical one. It is possible that Rubens depicted the union of the city of Antwerp and the river Scheldt. As it is known from history, in 1617 the peace treaty was signed in Flanders, and the painting was created in 1618 – as a symbol of prosperity of the region, characterized by the union of the trade and the sea routes. We will write a custom essay sample on Baroque Style or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This second interpretation seems to be more logical to us, because there is no myth confirming the union of Neptune and Cybele, whereas the signing of the peace treaty is a historical fact and it is very possible to be the ground for this piece of art. The Taking of Christ, painting by Caravaggio, represents Baroque style as well. The story of the painting is interesting, because for a long time it was attributed to another artist. It was painted at the beginning of the 17th century for Mattei family. It was known that the painting existed but its location was not known. When it was found and examined in Dublin, it became apparent that it truly belongs to Caravaggio’s hand, because it was characterized by the features that typically belonged to the painter’s style: â€Å"bright highlights, dark sharp shadows, and a black background† (Caravaggio Gallery, 2013) One technique that Caravaggio often used in his paintings is the use of the back of his brush to highlight or outline parts. It is also present at the painting. The sharp contrast between light and dark characteristic for Caravaggio, is outstanding here. The artist took Biblical story as the base for The Taking of Christ – betrayal of Christ by Judas and his taking by the Roman soldiers. There are seven figures at the painting. It is interesting to see how the expressions of their faces are different. Jesus is calm and peaceful, He knows about what He needs to go through, and He is ready for that. In contrast to Jesus, the face of St. John shows pain and distress. The disciple is shocked by what is going on. The face of Judas is seemingly calm as he is kissing the cheek of Christ and thus betrays him. There are four figures at the right half of the paining, one of them, the man with the lantern, is believed to be the self-portrait of Caravaggio himself. Religious theme was one of the central in Caravaggio’s art. Though he himself was known for quite free character and rackety way of life, getting into fights and being of bad temper, his religious paintings are true masterpieces. He was the supporter of realism in art and this was reflected in his paintings. The third painting of the religious background in Baroque style is The Assumption of the Virgin by Rubens. This painting was created as an altarpiece for the Antwerp Cathedral in 1626, and one can find it in this same Cathedral nowadays. The Cathedral announced a competition for the decoration of the altar in 1611, in 1618 Rubens won the competition and the painting was commissioned to him. According to the apocrypha of the New Testament, Maria, the mother of Christ, was ascended to Heaven after her death. One can see the assumption of the Virgin by the choir of angels, the Twelve Apostles got together around the tomb. Some of them raised their hands hoping to touch her clothes, the other ones look at her in reverence. The women at the painting are considered to be Mary Magdalene and the two sisters of Virgin Mary. One of the women holds a flower in her hand, which symbolizes that the flowers fill up the empty tomb. Religious topics were popular in the Baroque style of painting. The most prominent representatives of this direction of art, Rubens and Caravaggio, have used religious and mythological theme a lot. The use of light, dynamics, flamboyance – all these features one can see in the paintings of these prominent artists. References Peter Paul Rubens. The Assumption of the Virgin. Lichtenstein. The Princely collections. Retrieved from http: //www. liechtensteincollections. at/en/pages/artbase_main. asp? module=browse&action=m_work&lang=en&sid=87294&oid=W-1472004121953420197 Peter Paul Rubens. The complete works (2013) Retrieved from http: //www. peterpaulrubens. org/ The Taking of Christ (2013) Caravaggio Gallery. Retrieved from http: //www. caravaggiogallery. com/taking-of-christ. aspx What is baroque (2013) An introduction to art history. Retrieved from http: //www. artinthepicture. com/styles/Baroque/

PICOT and Literature Review Worksheet - 1574 Words

Course Project Milestone #1: PICOT Literature Review Worksheet PICOT Worksheet Your Name: Date: Your Instructors Name: Purpose: To identify a problem or concern that nursing can change and select key words for a literature search. Directions: Use the form below to complete the PICOT assignment in Milestone #1. This includes filling in the table with information about your research question and your PICO(T) elements, as well as answering the Search Technique questions. Step 1: Identify the Problem. What have you noticed in your work or school environment that isnt achieving the desired patient or learning outcomes? What needs to change in nursing, what can you change with the support of evidence in the literature? Determine the focus of the research question Assessment, Diagnosis, Etiology, Prevention, Prognosis, or Therapy. Step 2: Identify a potential solution. Do you have an idea of what could be done to solve the problem? Step 3: Create your research question. State your full question. For example: For new students entering an online program would a mandatory orientation course improve retention by increasing computer literacy and professional writing proficiency? Step 4: Select the key PICOT terms for searching the evidence. Is the potential solution something for which you (as nurse or student) can find a solution through evidence research? In the above example the PICOT search terms would be: P = students entering online program I = mandatoryShow MoreRelatedNr451 Milestone654 Words   |  3 PagesProject Milestone #1: PICOT Literature Review Worksheet PICOT Worksheet |Your Name: |Date: | |Your Instructor’s Name: | Purpose: To identify a problem or concern that nursing can change and select key words for a literature search. Directions:

The Lord of the Rings Argumentative Essay Example For Students

The Lord of the Rings Argumentative Essay The makers of the Lord of the Rings use many other aspects of film making to create the same contrast. One of these aspects is music and sound effects. During the film there are many different types of music and sound effects. At the peaceful areas there is quiet slow music as if it were in the distance. There is also sounds of the wind, childrens laughter, birds chirping etc. This again gives the effect of a peaceful place that can do no harm. In the parts of the film where evil is present, there is much louder and more powerful music. This is often accompanied by screams and loud banging in the background. When the first tower/castle shot we see comes you can hear all of this. This is a sensational effect and is a brilliant example of how the contrast between evil and good is shown. Also used in the film to create certain effects is lighting. Using light is a very good effect to show different places in film. For example, in places where evil may be present it is incredibly dark. The sky is always dark (often night-time) and the building are even darker. There is just enough light to see the right details. This often creates a shadow-like effect. An example of this would be when we first see the sight of evil in the film. There is loud banging, screams, panning and low angle camera views as well as limited light and fire. Quite often in the film, where evil is present, the only source of light is fire. Fire can also be associated with hell which can add to the effect of evilness. This is a very good effect and shows the contrast between good and evil very well. This is because in the film where we are seeing good, there is sunlight and flowers and grass make the place seem brighter too. Characters body language and their facial expressions are a very good effect in the Lord of the Rings. Body language in the film is used to show tiredness, exhaustion, sadness, anger, etc. Body language shows a small portion of the contrast between good and evil. Some of the evil characters almost always look as if they are full of energy and up for a fight. The good characters often look exhausted. Facial expressions are one of the most important aspects of film and not just this particular film, any film. Facial expressions can do so much. They can show whether a person is worried, scared, happy, bored, aggravated, sympathetic, to name just a few. Sometimes facial expressions are used instead of speech because they show so much. During the film most, if not all, facial expressions are shown using close-up, extreme close-up and double camera shots. As shown in the picture below, it shows that Gandalf is clearly worried. Also note that he is in a dark place as he realises they is in grave danger. The Lord of the Rings also has a range of dialogue that adds to the contrast of good and evil. During the film time there are many types of language used. For the parts of the film where good are involved, speech is in a medium pitch and often a medium volume. It is not spoken in a threatening or negative way either. In the times of action/panic/when evil threatens the dialogue is often loud, low pitched, negatively spoken and often rushed. As for when it is an all evil part of the film, the dialogue is very low pitched but the volume varies although there is loud banging, crashes and screaming in the background of those scenes.

The special childhood Review Essay Example

The special childhood Review Paper Essay on The special childhood So thank Psychonauts Thank Pioneers Hurray! -! Pioneers His single spaces We will write a custom essay sample on The special childhood Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The special childhood Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The special childhood Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer His unprecedented depths . Civil Defense, Glory psychonauts the real hero, who can issue a form-fitting tights, raincoats and red underpants, around us, in actual fact, not so little. Thats not a lot of talk about them, so as not to belittle the heroic ideal. That book Iris Johansson on Iris Johansson came Terevinf in a small publishing house. About Iris I heard vaguely somewhere, but remember at once. I was always interested in what something superficial, but constant, the level of people with mental disabilities. Iris Johansson is one of the leading specialists in the field of childrens autism. And first of all because she herself was an autistic child. The book describes in detail the Iris their childhood and adolescence. First, in the first person, she felt, experienced and perceived the world around us. Then just about all the same things as if from the outside, analyzing and noticing the important points. And the most interesting thing is, of course, describe the inside. World, which describes Iris strikes. So usually describe hallucinations that come to a person under the influence of LSD, but that baby not be suspected of partiality for pharmacy. And then the question you look on the other hand, that same LSD gives a person than imposed hallucination, not a chimera, but, indeed, moves its settings to a different level of perception that has the same right to exist, as well as our objective reality . Words, sounds, human warmth all this in the world Iris has clear visual images. People say, and with the noise of the colored images appear three-dimensional words spoken, things are aura, and not only things, but concepts. And these aura Iris can penetrate, contact them by reading the information, understanding what it is through sensual and intellectual, not familiar to us abstract intellectual experience. Iris herself is in a sort of cocoon pearl safe personal space invasion which immediately leads to a flash-hysterics. Iris describes in detail the logic of their actions. So it hurts others, in order to trigger strong emotions and cries that her perception of visualization and issues and take her. In the viewed from the side, Iris says no less interesting things about how she was taught to adapt to the normal world. About how existed abstract concepts for it (the validity, time, etc., etc.) and the like have to comprehend all clear by performing a plurality of algorithms. My mother always thought I was the most rude person in the world, and I think thats true. I do not see any information about the rules of behavior, until I became quite large and it is not settled in my mind. [] I have no such common sense, which tells me, and I do not know where to get it. For me, whats going on, are what it is. If the person then comes up with a system of classification, the event on the basis of this classification, can be estimated as fair or unfair, but it is only relevant when there is a classification. Iris and now uses a diary, in which all is written exactly in advance. This, as noted by Ms. Johansson, unnerving some of her friends, because, of course, it is unpleasant to be a frie nd, but in the schedule, but otherwise it can not. If the event is not described and indicated that it will happen in the future so it does not exist. So no surprises or spontaneous meetings. Of course, there are unpleasant things that think, transferring the experience of Iris on the Russian realities. Firstly, the ratio that gets the girl when the teacher worked with her extra hours that she passed the required minimum school (though there were also those who just thought the girl silly and obnoxious). Secondly, our lack of a sufficient number of centers working with children-outs. (Fortunately, in recent years quietly, very gradually, but this situation is improving.) In addition to the main story in the book, there are very interesting descriptions of the usual Swedish village life of the 20th century, where Iris has grown. The way the village is not quite developed rapidly, keeping up with the city, but the remaining agricultural rather than industrial. And interesting characters from her life, like her father intuitively understand what was wrong with his daughter and himself, on the move, invented successful methods of its teaching, joining with her in contact (and when I saw in the book of his photos, then do not even I surprised with the picture looked very good and pretty face). Or grandmother Emma, ​​who was with the granddaughter of contact is not a verbal way, and somehow quite naturally This book, as special childhood particularly strong gives the feel what kind of universe -. People . There is a truth in the book and disadvantages. Despite the small volume (150 pages) is necessary to read in doses, because It says its not that sometimes tedious, but detailed, with many repetitions, monotonous narrative is not very easy to grasp. Just as it seemed to me, Iris is not so much describes your sensory experience of an autistic condition, too much concentrate on striking and intriguing visual images. However, surely this is quite an interesting book to help as the chink, look wherever we have practically no chance to look. So I strongly advise Read books Iris Johansson: .